Hydrogeological modelling requires numerical methods to provide both a suitable representation of the subsurface and an adequate base for the simulation of flow and transport processes required for environmental studies (water resources, climate change). Read more…
To conceive and build a groundwater model (e.g., for water resources), one must go through a geological model; both models are complex in nature and require experts in each domain with very specific knowledge. In general, the hydrogeologist begins building of the groundwater model from a rough idea of groundwater flows, backwards into describing the “reservoir”; the geologist, on the other hand, begins building of the geological model from the knowledge of the geology of the region under study, forwards into proposing a “reservoir”. Read more…
Uranium is a naturally occurring metal, which is widespread in nature. It is present in the ocean and certain types of soils and rocks, especially granite. Natural uranium is also released into the environment from various activities such as the use of phosphate fertilisers, mining, and combustion from coal and other fuels.
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Uranium levels are naturally high in many areas in the UK, particularly where radon levels are high and the underlying rock is predominantly granite. Natural uranium decays to release radon gas into the environment. In other parts of the world, especially in certain areas of the USA and Canada, natural uranium levels in water are particularly high due to the sedimentary rocks. Read more…
Geothermal energy is generally harnessed in areas of volcanic activity. The Pacific Ring is a prime spot for the harnessing of geothermal activity because it is an area where the tectonic processes are always taking place. The picture below shows the general location of the Ring of Fire The USGS defines tectonic processes as a series of actions and changes relating to, causing, or resulting from structural deformation of the earth’s crust. Read more…
Uranium is an element to be found ubiquitous in rock, soil, and water. Uranium concentrations in natural ground water can be more than several hundreds μg/l without impact from mining, nuclear industry, and fertilizers. Considering the WHO recommendation for drinking water of 15 μg/l (has been as low as 2 μg/l before) due to the chemical toxicity of uranium the element uranium has become an important issue in environmental research. Read more…
The analysis presented here was conducted as part of preliminary work within the confines of the 9 T12B 025 18 research project, entitled structural and functional basic model for object systems of geospatial information in hydrogeology, based upon OpenGIS specification, CORBA and UML language. Its objective is to determine the types and subtypes for data aggregates that should be included in the data model. Read more…
Fiatness, like fuzziness, can pertain to spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as to non-geospatial characteristics typical of a given feature. Fiatness, in this case, means the arbitrary definition of something that does not exist objectively in reality, but without it something that exists in reality cannot be properly defined or classified. Read more…
Many features that we deal with in hydrogeology are fuzzy features. This fuzziness may pertain to spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as non-geospatial characteristics, typical for a given feature. Read more…
The terms feature and object are often treated as synonymous. However, in the terminology of ISO 19100 norms (ISO/TC211…, 2001) and in OpenGIS specification (The OpenGIS…, 1999), the meaning of these terms is different. The term object is understood here as in the definition given above (OMG, 2001). From this perspective, several entities can be distinguished in the real world that significantly differ from their surrounding and have identity — these are genuine objects. Equivalents of genuine objects can be components of a formalised, abstract conceptual model —abstract objects. Read more…
Most often, from the point of view of geomatics, hydrogeological spatial information does not differ significantly
from the same information pertaining to other disciplines, especially when these disciplines are part of the earth sciences. As a result, Read more…