The terms feature and object are often treated as synonymous. However, in the terminology of ISO 19100 norms (ISO/TC211…, 2001) and in OpenGIS specification (The OpenGIS…, 1999), the meaning of these terms is different. The term object is understood here as in the definition given above (OMG, 2001). From this perspective, several entities can be distinguished in the real world that significantly differ from their surrounding and have identity — these are genuine objects. Equivalents of genuine objects can be components of a formalised, abstract conceptual model —abstract objects. Read more…
Categorized Under:
Hydrogeology
Most often, from the point of view of geomatics, hydrogeological spatial information does not differ significantly
from the same information pertaining to other disciplines, especially when these disciplines are part of the earth sciences. As a result, Read more…
Categorized Under:
Hydrogeology
Issues presented here pertain to several terms used in geomatics and, speaking more precisely, its ontological and semantic basis, applied to hydrogeological information. In order to present these issues clearly, it is necessary to explain, how these terms are understood here: Read more…
Categorized Under:
Hydrogeology
Digital recording, in this case, is understood as recording of information, using a durable or non-durable carrier, and employing standard rules of encoding based upon binary numbers. The digital recording may be applied to traditional forms of hydrogeological information, as listed above. In this case its only advantage is an ability to modify this information, Read more…
Categorized Under:
Hydrogeology
During the period before emergence of computer science, information in hydrogeology was presented in several forms, resulting from usage of paper as the information carrier:
Text as a form of verbal description (non-graphical form). Every study, scientific publication, technical project or report includes such a component, which is often its basic part, holding all other parts together and offering explanation for them. Read more…
Categorized Under:
Hydrogeology
Geological and hydrogeological information, in the same sense as the term information is defined by computer science, is the basic matter that a hydrogeologist deals with while drawing up the results of observation, research and measurements. From the formal point of view, this work is based upon collection, verification, evaluation, ordering, gathering, analysing, synthesising, as well as sending, visualization and rendering access to hydrogeological, and, to some extent, geological information. Read more…
A record of precipitation over time can also be plotted as a hydrograph. The hydrograph below is a cumulative record of precipitation at the Tioga River gaging station between August 29th and September 5th. Rainfall events are clearly shown by sharp increases of the blue line. Read more…
Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to carry an electric current. This ability is proportional to the quantity of ions dissolved in the water. If you study this specific conductance hydrograph and compare it to the discharge hydrograph you should conclude that the concentration of dissolved ions is inversely proportional to the discharge of the stream. Read more…
A pH hydrograph shows how the pH of the stream has changed over time. The pH of the Tioga River at this location is generally below 7.0. This low pH is caused by acid mine drainage entering the river at several locations upstream. Read more…
A water temperature hydrograph shows how the temperature the stream’s water has changed over time. This water temperature hydrograph shows a daily cycle of temperature from solar heating. When the morning sun begins heating the land, stream and atmosphere the water temperature begins to increase. This temperature increase continues through the day and reaches a maximum near sunset. Read more…